Kennel cough is a common respiratory condition that affects dogs of all ages. While typically not life-threatening, it can cause significant discomfort and, in some cases, lead to more severe complications. At Heartland Veterinary Hospital in Danville, Kentucky, we are committed to helping you understand how to prevent, recognize, and treat kennel cough to keep your dog healthy and comfortable.

Learn more about canine infectious respiratory disease complex (kennel cough) from the AVMA.

What is Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough, also known as Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC), is a highly contagious illness affecting a dog’s respiratory system. It is caused by a combination of viruses and bacteria, most commonly:

Bordetella bronchiseptica (a bacterial infection)

  • Canine parainfluenza virus
  • Canine adenovirus type 2
  • Canine influenza virus

These pathogens weaken the respiratory tract, making dogs more susceptible to secondary infections.

Learn more about how kennel cough spreads from the AKC.

How Do Dogs Get Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough spreads through airborne respiratory droplets, contaminated surfaces, and direct contact with infected dogs.

Common Sources of Exposure:

  • Dog parks and kennels
  • Grooming salons and daycare centers
  • Shared food bowls and water sources
  • Close contact with infected dogs

Dogs that spend time in high-density pet environments or have weakened immune systems are at a higher risk.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Kennel Cough

Symptoms typically appear 3-10 days after exposure and may include:

  • A persistent, dry, honking cough
  • Sneezing and nasal discharge
  • Retching or gagging, especially after exercise
  • Lethargy and mild fever

Emergency Signs That Require Immediate Veterinary Care:

  • Difficulty breathing or excessive panting
  • Coughing up blood
  • High fever and refusal to eat
  • Severe lethargy or collapse

If your dog exhibits any emergency symptoms, seek veterinary care immediately.

Preventing Kennel Cough

1. Vaccination

Vaccination is the most effective way to reduce the risk of kennel cough. Options include:

  • Injectable vaccines
  • Nasal spray vaccines
  • Oral vaccines

While vaccines do not provide 100% immunity, they reduce the severity of symptoms and risk of infection.

2. Hygiene and Environmental Controls

  • Regularly disinfect surfaces where dogs eat, sleep, or play.
  • Avoid sharing water and food bowls with unfamiliar dogs.
  • Ensure proper ventilation in indoor dog facilities.

Reducing exposure in high-risk environments is key to preventing infection.

Diagnosing and Treating Kennel Cough

How Is Kennel Cough Diagnosed?

A veterinarian will:

  • Perform a physical exam and listen for abnormal lung sounds.
  • Check for fever, nasal discharge, and throat irritation.
  • Recommend chest X-rays in severe cases to rule out pneumonia.

Treatment Options for Kennel Cough

Most mild cases resolve within 2-3 weeks with supportive care. Treatment may include:

  • Cough suppressants to ease discomfort
  • Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce throat irritation
  • Antibiotics if a secondary bacterial infection is present

Severe Cases May Require:

  • Nebulization therapy (humidified air to soothe the airways)
  • Hospitalization for oxygen support (if pneumonia develops)

Home Care for Dogs with Kennel Cough

  • Provide rest and avoid excitement to prevent coughing fits.
  • Use a humidifier or steam therapy to ease throat irritation.
  • Encourage hydration and offer soft food if your dog has trouble eating.
  • Isolate infected dogs from others until symptoms resolve.

Contact our team for personalized care recommendations.

Can Kennel Cough Have Long-Term Effects?

While most dogs recover without complications, some may develop:

  • Chronic bronchitis if left untreated
  • Increased risk of pneumonia in puppies, seniors, or immunocompromised dogs
  • Respiratory scarring, leading to recurrent infections

Early treatment reduces the risk of long-term complications.

Special Considerations for Certain Breeds

Flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds like bulldogs, pugs, and boxers are more vulnerable to severe kennel cough due to their narrow airways.

  • They may experience more difficulty breathing if infected.
  • They often require additional monitoring and supportive care.

Learn about respiratory risks in brachycephalic breeds.

FAQs About Kennel Cough

How long does kennel cough last?

Mild cases resolve in 2-3 weeks, while severe cases may take longer.

Can kennel cough be fatal?

It is rarely fatal, but puppies, seniors, and immunocompromised dogs are at higher risk for complications.

Can humans get kennel cough?

It is extremely rare, but immunocompromised individuals should practice good hygiene when handling an infected dog.

When can my dog return to daycare after kennel cough?

Most facilities require a minimum 14-day isolation period and veterinary clearance.

Prioritize Your Dog’s Respiratory Health

At Heartland Veterinary Hospital, we are dedicated to preventing, diagnosing, and treating respiratory diseases in dogs.

Schedule a kennel cough vaccine or exam today!